ars8999

Position: Private

Joined: 2025-01-19

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	7702		0		0		9
Ø Tier	6,86		0,00		0,00		10,00
Victories	3585	46,55%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	3	33,33%
Defeats	4030	52,32%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	6	66,67%
Draws	87	1,13%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	1784	23,16%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	1	11,11%
Tanks destroyed	4173	0,54	0	0,00	0	0,00	5	0,56
Destruction ratio	0,71		0,00		0,00		0,63
Tanks spotted	5148	0,67	0	0,00	0	0,00	2	0,22
Damage dealt	651,06		0,00		0,00		1.314,56
Capture points	6778	0,88	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	2973	0,39	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	374,22		0,00		0,00		569,11
WN7	684,88		0,00		0,00		442,43
WN8	735,88		0,00		0,00		989,21

Total
Battles	7702
Ø Tier	6,86
Victories	3585	46,55%
Defeats	4030	52,32%
Draws	87	1,13%
Battles survived	1784	23,16%
Tanks destroyed	4173	0,54
Destruction ratio	0,71
Tanks spotted	5148	0,67
Damage dealt	651,06
Capture points	6778	0,88
Defense points	2973	0,39
Experience	374,22
WN7	684,88
WN8	735,88

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	9
Ø Tier	10,00
Victories	3	33,33%
Defeats	6	66,67%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	1	11,11%
Tanks destroyed	5	0,56
Destruction ratio	0,63
Tanks spotted	2	0,22
Damage dealt	1.314,56
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	569,11
WN7	442,43
WN8	989,21

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	26		0		0		0
Victories	9	34,62%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	17	65,38%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	3	11,54%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	8	0,31	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,35		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	19	0,73	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	323,31		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	215,12		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	26
Victories	9	34,62%
Defeats	17	65,38%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	3	11,54%
Tanks destroyed	8	0,31
Destruction ratio	0,35
Tanks spotted	19	0,73
Damage dealt	323,31
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	215,12

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	8		0		0		0
Victories	3	37,50%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	5	62,50%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	4	50,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	6	0,75	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	1,50		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	5	0,63	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	882,63		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	7	0,88	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	516,75		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	8
Victories	3	37,50%
Defeats	5	62,50%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	4	50,00%
Tanks destroyed	6	0,75
Destruction ratio	1,50
Tanks spotted	5	0,63
Damage dealt	882,63
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	7	0,88
Experience	516,75

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	2		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	2	100,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	1	0,50	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,50		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	1	0,50	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	710,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	106,50		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	2
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	2	100,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	1	0,50
Destruction ratio	0,50
Tanks spotted	1	0,50
Damage dealt	710,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	106,50

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (85)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
IS-3	8	765,11	415	831	46,21%	716,10
IS-7	10	1552,64	613	560	46,07%	1194,79
T-34-85	6	424,36	343	478	46,44%	669,66
KV-85	6	434,80	308	464	44,83%	529,61
IS	7	636,71	363	394	45,43%	702,88
KV-1	5	303,17	255	348	46,84%	443,31
G.W. Panther	7	757,11	366	332	48,19%	849,82
G.W. E 100	10	1085,81	470	314	45,54%	820,52
KV-1S	6	288,81	273	279	48,03%	337,11
M24E2 Super Chaffee	6	323,95	419	258	46,12%	726,89
Super Hellcat	7	519,68	379	243	43,62%	524,68
Object 257	9	896,62	507	219	42,92%	634,90
G.W. Tiger	9	1319,45	557	192	55,21%	1356,11
T-150	6	382,87	305	192	50,52%	483,23
Hummel	6	561,75	314	183	48,63%	761,25
Charioteer	8	654,64	440	176	43,75%	500,24
G.W. Tiger (P)	8	1070,50	530	169	44,38%	1116,05
FV4004 Conway	9	1194,99	428	148	46,62%	932,28
T-34	5	183,43	178	138	34,06%	211,62
FV4005 Stage II	10	1459,59	495	127	47,24%	1050,81
Grille	5	342,80	227	122	44,26%	537,20
Pz.Kpfw. II	2	138,52	219	106	45,28%	486,91
40TP Habicha	6	453,74	328	93	48,39%	681,20
Sturmpanzer II	4	177,17	172	89	47,19%	424,68
Challenger	7	734,95	497	84	44,05%	813,15
Achilles	6	496,88	476	81	46,91%	751,81
AMX 50 Foch (155)	10	1353,89	541	81	43,21%	860,87
T-43	7	370,42	320	69	44,93%	359,15
A-20	5	80,04	152	67	47,76%	87,82
45TP Habicha	7	557,74	515	53	50,94%	528,25
25TP KSUST II	5	232,34	209	53	45,28%	342,34
P.43 bis	6	412,63	326	52	44,23%	488,71
T-28	4	183,25	194	48	50,00%	420,97
Valentine AT	4	288,22	194	41	53,66%	733,41
P.43	5	305,10	347	40	62,50%	756,59
T-46	3	56,32	118	38	52,63%	119,42
BT-7	4	45,67	153	36	52,78%	126,77
Cruiser Mk. IV	4	241,97	192	34	35,29%	560,50
SU-26	3	85,10	142	31	58,06%	185,34
BT-2	2	85,39	110	31	38,71%	177,87
AT 2	5	283,14	355	28	60,71%	566,42
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. J	4	104,96	197	28	53,57%	183,96
Sturmpanzer I Bison	3	71,83	136	24	50,00%	87,48
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. E	3	45,22	151	23	60,87%	198,39
P26/40	4	399,15	278	20	65,00%	1112,61
Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. D	2	42,17	171	18	55,56%	135,77
SU-5	4	114,61	110	18	33,33%	0,00
T-10	9	801,00	569	15	60,00%	735,61
LT vz. 38	3	106,80	142	15	40,00%	168,83
L-60	2	87,47	243	15	40,00%	230,09
Covenanter	5	321,79	425	14	57,14%	1120,10
T-26	2	129,50	141	14	42,86%	464,58
Sav m/43	4	126,36	129	14	35,71%	83,91
M15/42	3	430,77	254	13	46,15%	1193,16
LTP	3	49,85	122	13	46,15%	58,56
VK 28.01 mit 10,5 cm L/28	6	371,58	382	12	58,33%	852,77
MS-1	1	13,73	75	11	45,45%	38,21
14TP	4	48,90	173	10	70,00%	261,00
Crusader	6	248,10	356	10	30,00%	520,98
Leichttraktor	1	51,33	108	9	33,33%	0,00
Cruiser Mk. III	3	122,44	120	9	33,33%	307,46
T-29	3	264,00	233	8	25,00%	738,06
Ikv 72	3	131,43	158	7	42,86%	156,32
Valentine	3	614,80	360	5	80,00%	2817,80
10TP	3	159,80	178	5	80,00%	617,10
7TP	2	114,40	120	5	60,00%	327,35
Renault FT	1	20,20	146	5	80,00%	261,00
FV215b	10	891,50	798	4	75,00%	637,09
SU-18	2	123,00	173	4	50,00%	574,39
Patton the Tank	9	1150,25	563	4	50,00%	1029,04
T-50-2	6	196,67	224	3	33,33%	236,99
SMV CC-64 Vipera	8	1055,33	601	3	100,00%	1025,39
T7 Combat Car	2	43,67	101	3	66,67%	260,01
Pz.Kpfw. III/IV	5	204,00	123	2	0,00%	298,85
Pvlvv fm/42	2	0,00	42	2	0,00%	0,00
Kolohousenka	1	22,00	73	2	50,00%	76,78
ST vz. 39	4	0,00	79	2	50,00%	95,45
Vickers Medium Mk. I	1	47,00	66	1	0,00%	0,00
Cruiser Mk. II	2	94,00	224	1	100,00%	408,46
Strv fm/21	1	233,00	632	1	100,00%	1838,18
T1E6	2	155,00	193	1	0,00%	556,33
Fiat 3000	1	69,00	164	1	0,00%	85,61
Pz.Sfl. IC	4	175,00	242	1	0,00%	247,11
Convert. Medium Tank T3	3	167,00	567	1	100,00%	545,52
4TP	1	87,00	95	1	0,00%	186,90

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[UBSA] Убойная сила

Position: Private

Joined: 2025-01-19

ars8999

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (85)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history