AdamChoban

[1_OKB] 1 Oklopna Brigada 4 Juli Beograd Vojvoda Stepa Stepanovic (Crni Puk)

Position: Combat officer

Joined: 2025-08-08

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	2759		29		232		721
Ø Tier	5,89		7,93		7,24		6,72
Victories	1307	47,37%	16	55,17%	112	48,28%	328	45,49%
Defeats	1401	50,78%	11	37,93%	113	48,71%	378	52,43%
Draws	51	1,85%	2	6,90%	7	3,02%	15	2,08%
Battles survived	768	27,84%	6	20,69%	61	26,29%	184	25,52%
Tanks destroyed	1827	0,66	18	0,62	149	0,64	475	0,66
Destruction ratio	0,92		0,78		0,87		0,88
Tanks spotted	1616	0,59	9	0,31	116	0,50	439	0,61
Damage dealt	631,59		1.091,14		929,81		829,27
Capture points	1761	0,64	0	0,00	17	0,07	318	0,44
Defense points	760	0,28	0	0,00	24	0,10	217	0,30
Experience	463,27		557,45		604,77		532,20
WN7	790,53		877,39		811,06		805,57
WN8	932,42		1056,84		983,08		1000,72

Total
Battles	2759
Ø Tier	5,89
Victories	1307	47,37%
Defeats	1401	50,78%
Draws	51	1,85%
Battles survived	768	27,84%
Tanks destroyed	1827	0,66
Destruction ratio	0,92
Tanks spotted	1616	0,59
Damage dealt	631,59
Capture points	1761	0,64
Defense points	760	0,28
Experience	463,27
WN7	790,53
WN8	932,42

Past 24 hours
Battles	29
Ø Tier	7,93
Victories	16	55,17%
Defeats	11	37,93%
Draws	2	6,90%
Battles survived	6	20,69%
Tanks destroyed	18	0,62
Destruction ratio	0,78
Tanks spotted	9	0,31
Damage dealt	1.091,14
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	557,45
WN7	877,39
WN8	1056,84

Past 7 days
Battles	232
Ø Tier	7,24
Victories	112	48,28%
Defeats	113	48,71%
Draws	7	3,02%
Battles survived	61	26,29%
Tanks destroyed	149	0,64
Destruction ratio	0,87
Tanks spotted	116	0,50
Damage dealt	929,81
Capture points	17	0,07
Defense points	24	0,10
Experience	604,77
WN7	811,06
WN8	983,08

Past 30 days
Battles	721
Ø Tier	6,72
Victories	328	45,49%
Defeats	378	52,43%
Draws	15	2,08%
Battles survived	184	25,52%
Tanks destroyed	475	0,66
Destruction ratio	0,88
Tanks spotted	439	0,61
Damage dealt	829,27
Capture points	318	0,44
Defense points	217	0,30
Experience	532,20
WN7	805,57
WN8	1000,72

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	133		0		45		133
Victories	68	51,13%	0	0,00%	25	55,56%	68	51,13%
Defeats	65	48,87%	0	0,00%	20	44,44%	65	48,87%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	53	39,85%	0	0,00%	19	42,22%	53	39,85%
Tanks destroyed	65	0,49	0	0,00	23	0,51	65	0,49
Destruction ratio	0,81		0,00		0,88		0,81
Tanks spotted	62	0,47	0	0,00	19	0,42	62	0,47
Damage dealt	971,11		0,00		1.037,40		971,11
Capture points	435	3,27	0	0,00	217	4,82	435	3,27
Defense points	448	3,37	0	0,00	56	1,24	448	3,37
Experience	675,95		0,00		755,62		675,95

Total
Battles	133
Victories	68	51,13%
Defeats	65	48,87%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	53	39,85%
Tanks destroyed	65	0,49
Destruction ratio	0,81
Tanks spotted	62	0,47
Damage dealt	971,11
Capture points	435	3,27
Defense points	448	3,37
Experience	675,95

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	45
Victories	25	55,56%
Defeats	20	44,44%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	19	42,22%
Tanks destroyed	23	0,51
Destruction ratio	0,88
Tanks spotted	19	0,42
Damage dealt	1.037,40
Capture points	217	4,82
Defense points	56	1,24
Experience	755,62

Past 30 days
Battles	133
Victories	68	51,13%
Defeats	65	48,87%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	53	39,85%
Tanks destroyed	65	0,49
Destruction ratio	0,81
Tanks spotted	62	0,47
Damage dealt	971,11
Capture points	435	3,27
Defense points	448	3,37
Experience	675,95

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (77)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
KV-2	6	707,76	495	149	49,66%	1171,38
IS-2-II	8	942,28	624	143	45,45%	875,20
Strv 74	6	579,84	426	122	51,64%	995,09
Škoda T 17	7	398,36	429	118	50,85%	697,85
KV-3	7	976,84	698	111	51,35%	1205,97
SU-152	7	679,96	379	110	36,36%	688,41
Grille	5	470,41	330	108	49,07%	859,22
Char Futur 4	9	1177,83	608	99	39,39%	761,17
M6	6	916,06	562	82	47,56%	1440,28
ISU-152	8	1098,01	562	78	37,18%	881,82
G.W. Panther	7	755,43	587	76	59,21%	873,57
Škoda T 25	6	525,52	443	75	42,67%	793,01
KV-1	5	551,22	426	73	49,32%	1045,86
Hummel	6	489,68	364	73	36,99%	469,42
StuG III Ausf. G	5	567,65	374	71	46,48%	1208,06
M5 Stuart	4	347,19	363	68	63,24%	1535,77
M10 Wolverine	5	411,89	334	61	47,54%	795,92
T1 Heavy Tank	5	595,61	477	57	45,61%	1081,20
T6 Medium	4	326,76	264	54	51,85%	639,82
IS-3-II	9	1040,52	715	52	53,85%	789,44
Churchill III	5	371,73	628	52	42,31%	536,06
T-150	6	813,06	652	52	53,85%	1415,87
StuG III Ausf. B	4	473,10	353	51	45,10%	1145,24
T-28	4	329,50	299	50	48,00%	910,36
Nashorn	6	699,88	419	43	39,53%	1000,22
BT-5	3	272,26	265	35	48,57%	797,58
T78	6	526,68	411	34	47,06%	543,03
Škoda T 24	5	244,00	254	34	52,94%	519,83
T-34-85M	6	745,25	584	32	40,63%	990,39
IS	7	965,63	654	32	43,75%	1136,25
Jagdpanzer 38(t) Hetzer	4	493,13	295	31	41,94%	1202,79
SU-100Y	6	868,58	503	31	51,61%	1483,66
Cruiser Mk. IV	4	558,10	481	30	60,00%	2000,76
AMX ELC bis	5	399,63	406	30	46,67%	1372,26
Bishop	5	671,67	431	30	50,00%	1447,51
Tiger 131	6	629,00	565	30	46,67%	818,31
M10 RBFM	5	517,90	554	29	72,41%	1008,50
M5A1 Stuart	4	319,54	289	28	32,14%	978,63
M8A1	4	457,69	301	26	46,15%	1112,36
Matilda	4	527,82	427	22	45,45%	1667,29
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. J	4	526,05	297	21	33,33%	1585,73
KV-1S	6	684,47	559	19	47,37%	1072,09
Vz. 64 Blesk	8	504,39	371	18	55,56%	789,08
TS-5	8	1044,50	649	18	38,89%	799,20
M3 Stuart	3	238,63	266	16	43,75%	821,13
BT-2	2	394,00	494	15	53,33%	2312,83
AMX ELC 901	6	415,21	495	14	57,14%	874,67
Object 703 Version II	8	641,69	585	13	53,85%	507,05
Pz.Sfl. IVb	4	195,38	127	13	38,46%	332,40
Char de transition	6	621,31	501	13	46,15%	831,35
CS-52 LIS	8	668,50	571	12	50,00%	590,33
Valentine AT	4	283,92	189	12	50,00%	649,30
ST vz. 39	4	124,18	231	11	45,45%	198,96
M24 Chaffee No. 594	5	408,78	647	9	66,67%	1240,60
AMX 40	4	536,44	506	9	55,56%	2619,38
Pz.Kpfw. II	2	502,63	473	8	62,50%	2636,63
Škoda T 40	6	273,29	271	7	28,57%	191,03
BT-7	4	58,40	145	5	40,00%	7,98
LT vz. 38	3	181,80	226	5	40,00%	504,87
IS-3	8	93,75	168	4	25,00%	0,00
FCM 2C	3	451,00	491	4	50,00%	1579,02
Brennos	8	416,00	461	3	33,33%	118,82
Cruiser Mk. II	2	327,67	144	3	0,00%	1530,76
AMR 35	2	356,33	404	3	33,33%	1341,78
Kolohousenka	1	66,67	102	3	33,33%	73,50
M4A1 Sherman	5	193,33	312	3	100,00%	498,00
LT vz. 35	2	361,67	351	3	66,67%	1793,13
Renault UE 57	3	396,00	188	2	0,00%	1074,57
AMX 38	3	0,00	114	2	50,00%	107,96
A7E3	3	232,50	193	2	0,00%	500,69
T-29	3	0,00	329	1	100,00%	261,00
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. E	3	773,00	963	1	100,00%	3793,43
Leichttraktor	1	187,00	126	1	0,00%	687,34
Churchill I	5	435,00	260	1	0,00%	597,05
Renault Otsu	1	40,00	66	1	0,00%	0,00
Strv m/38	2	115,00	141	1	0,00%	245,00
Pudel	6	405,00	216	1	0,00%	382,14

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[1_OKB] 1 Oklopna Brigada 4 Juli Beograd Vojvoda Stepa Stepanovic (Crni Puk)

Position: Combat officer

Joined: 2025-08-08

[1_OKB] 1 Oklopna Brigada 4 Juli Beograd Vojvoda Stepa Stepanovic (Crni Puk)

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2025-07-14

Left: 2025-07-16

AdamChoban

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (77)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history